Chaos and Fractals : Finding Hidden Order
A web page for Witt Sem 100
Fall 2005
"The scientist does not study nature
because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it and
he delights in it because it is beautiful. If nature were not beautiful,
it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth knowing,
life would not be worth living" - Henri Poincare (1854 - 1912)
"A mathematician who is not also something of a poet
will never be a perfect mathematician"
Karl Weierstrass (1815 - 1897)
"Now as Mandelbrot points out [...] .nature has played
a joke on the mathematicians. The 19th century mathematicians may have
been lacking in imagination, but nature was not. The same pathological
structures that the mathematicians invented to break loose from 19th-century
naturalism turn out to be inherent in familiar objects all round us in
nature." - Freeman Dyson, Characterizing irregularity, Science
200(1978) 677-678.
"Clouds are not spheres, mountains are not cones, coastlines
are not circles, and bark is not smooth, nor does lightning travel
in a straight line ... Nature exhibits not simply a higher degree but
an altogether different level of complexity". Benoit Mandelbrot
"The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that hearlds new
discoveries is not 'Eureka' (I found it) but 'That's funny ..'"
-Isaac Asimov
Course Description
"One of the great revolutions in science and mathematics in the last century
was the realization that the universe is not always the predictable,
clockwork place that it was thought to be. The new insights of fractal
geometry and chaos theory that came out of this revolution have affected
not only science and mathematics, but also fields as diverse as music,
computer graphics, and economics. This course is an introduction to the
ideas of fractals and chaos. Using these ideas, we will enter into a
world in which simple rules give rise to almost unimaginable complexity
and a fantastic and delicate beauty. Along the way we’ll investigate questions
such as “Can a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil really cause a tornado
in Ohio?” and explore the infinite levels of detail of the most famous
fractal, the Mandelbrot set. As a final project, you’ll be able to apply
these concepts and techniques to an area of interest to you. You might
choose to create a fractal musical composition, investigate why a perfectly
regular heartbeat might not be as healthy as a somewhat irregular one,
or study how chaos can be used in cryptography. This seminar meets
the math reasoning requirement (M). "
Instructors
Professor Elizabeth George - Department
of Physics - egeorge@wittenberg.edu
Professor Brian Shelburne - Department
of Mathematics and Computer Science - bshelburne@wittenberg.edu
Note : This site is always
under-construction. As new and interesting sites are found over the
summer, they will be added below
- Fractal Geometry
website at Yale University sponsored by Michael Frame, Benoit Mandlebrot,
and Nial Neger.
- A
Panorama of Fractals and Their Uses: by Michael Frame and Benoit B.
Mandelbrot
- Java Applets
for Exploring Fractals: written by Ginger Booth and designed by Michael
Frame.
-
The Chaos Game: an introduction to the Chaos Game
- Dynamical Systems
and Technology Project at Boston University: This project
is a National Science Foundation sponsored project designed to
help secondary school and college teachers of mathematics bring contemporary
topics in mathematics (chaos, fractals, dynamics) into the classroom,
and to show them how to use technology effectively in this process. It
is directed by Robert L. Devaney of the Department of Mathematics at Boston
University. At this point, there are a number of Java applets available
at this site for use in teaching ideas concerning chaos and fractals.
There are also several interactive papers designed to help teachers
and students understand the mathematics behind such topics as iterated
function systems (the chaos game) and the Mandelbrot and Julia sets.
- Chaos in
the Classroom : A link to Devaney's web page on the Chaos Game
- A
Chaos Game Applet : Created by Johanna Voolich & Robert Devaney,
this is a game where you try to place a point in the Sierpinski Triangle
in a minimal number of moves. Be patient, it takes a little time to load!
- Benoit Mandelbrot's
personal web page. Professor Mandelbrot is Sterling Professor of
Mathematical Sciences at Yale University and IBM Fellow Emeritus, TJ
Watson Research Center
- Arcadia: Tom
Stoppard's play weaves mathematics, fractals, and chaos
together in a play that travels back and forth between the
early 19th century and today. There are a number of good
sites to check out. Try Skidmore College's
web site on
Arcadia or Devaney's web site
Chaos,
Fractals and Tom Stoppard's Play Arcadia.
Another link to check out is a review from the November 1995
Notices of the AMS titled
Love and the Second Law of Thermodynamics: Tom Stoppard's
Arcadia.
- Chaos Under
Control: The link to Peak & Frame's web site for their text
Chaos Under Control .
- Fractal Coastlines - A map that
displays the computed fractal dimensions of the U.S coastline
- Verhust Population Dynamics! In the mid 19th century the
Belgian mathematician Pierre
Verhulst developed a population growth model (the Verhust
Equation) which can be used to demonstrate chaotic behavior.
- There are lots of excellent web sites on fractals - just
go to Google and enter the word
"fractal" for your search. Sprott's Fractal Galley
is one site that immediately pops up.
- Fantastic
Fractals Online - contains downloadable soft ware.
- check out their stuff on Fractal
Music
- Metamedia's
Fractals & Chaos Site: this "new age" site has links to some good
software
- The
Game of Life: A Java Applet that plays Conway's Game of Life.
This one is not to be missed!
- Java Fractals:
This site contains a lot of Java applets for various fractals. Not
too bad but wait for the applets to load
- Diffusion Limited Aggregation : Randomly moving
particles colliding with other particles form aggregates with fractal-like
structures
- DLA Applet
#1 : A Java applet authored by Chi-Hang Lam at Hong Kong Polytechnic
University demonstrates diffusion limited aggregation..
- The Center
of Polymer Studies at Boston University has an excellent web page
on Diffusion Limited Aggregation. In particular it has an DLA Applet
which include the ability to change particle movement from random to
straight.
- Another way to learn about Diffusion
Limited Aggregation is to go to Google
and search "Diffusion Limited Aggregation". See what pops up!
- Properties
of Chaos - a presentation demonstrating sensitivity to initial conditions,
mixing, and density of periodic points in the Sawtooth and Tent functions,
all of which are properties of chaos. Since this requires using binary
representations of fractions, here is a
link to
a useful document
- Julia
Jewels: An Exploration of Julia Sets by Michael McGoodwin - a thoroughly
readble and enjoyable introduction to Julia Sets; a bit technical in some
places but well worth the read; great links to other sites & software
- in particular to the Chapter 2.2 of the Chaos HypertextBook by Glenn Elert
(below).
- The Chaos Hypertext
Book by Glenn Elert contains a number of highly readable and enjoyable
articles on chaos. Check out Chapter 2.2 on Julia Sets!
- Fractals
in Biology: A University of Manitoba site which includes a
long section on different methods of measuring fractal dimension.
- Construct
Your Own Fourier Series: An Applet that lets you synthesize
your own functions as a Fourier Series
- Sand
Pile Applet : a demonstration of self-organized criticality
(SOC) using a sand-pile model.
- Forest File Applet
: another demonstration.of SOC.
- MCell Home:
A site dedicated to Cellular Automata
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